July 25 is the Feast of St. James the Apostle, Galicia’s most important religious and civic holiday. It marks the day St. James began his eternal life after his martyrdom, and it’s celebrated in Santiago de Compostela with a solemn Mass, the swinging of the giant botafumeiro incense burner, fireworks, and two weeks of festivities. When July 25 falls on a Sunday, the Catholic Church declares a Holy Year, a rare honor shared only by Santiago de Compostela, Rome, and Jerusalem — the next one falls in 2027.

Every July 25 is etched into the memory and calendar of Galicians in general, and of picheleiros in particular. On this date, our city hosts one of the oldest and most solemn celebrations still observed today.

At Rutas Meigas, every year we walk alongside thousands of pilgrims arriving in Santiago de Compostela via the various Camino de Santiago routes. And we know that few experiences hit harder than reaching the end of the Camino during the Feast of the Apostle — or better yet, during one of the rare Holy Years that occur only a handful of times per century. The next one, as it happens, is 2027.

Why we Celebrate St. James the Apostle on July 25

St. James — called “the Greater” to distinguish him from another apostle of the same name — was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus of Nazareth and, alongside his brother John and Peter, one of his closest companions. Christian tradition places his martyrdom in Jerusalem around the year 44 AD, beheaded by order of Herod Agrippa I, making him the first apostle known to have been martyred according to written record. July 25 doesn’t actually commemorate his death, but rather the beginning of his eternal life — which is why it’s a feast day for Christians.

According to tradition, after his death his disciples Theodore and Athanasius recovered his body and carried it by sea to the shores of Gallaecia, present-day Galicia, where he had preached during his lifetime. He was buried there, and his tomb lay forgotten for centuries — until the 9th century, when a hermit named Pelagius (Paio), guided by strange lights over a forest, discovered the remains. The find was confirmed by Bishop Theodomir and by King Alfonso II “the Chaste” of Asturias, who traveled to the site and, according to tradition, became history’s first pilgrim.

Over that “field of stars”, the city we know today would eventually rise.

From forgotten tomb to holy city: the birth of the Camino de Santiago

The discovery of the tomb completely transformed that corner of northwestern Spain. Within a couple of centuries, Compostela went from a modest settlement to one of the three great pilgrimage destinations of medieval Christianity, alongside Rome and Jerusalem. Thousands of pilgrims from across Europe began walking what we now call the Camino de Santiago — a network of routes that drove the construction of bridges, hospitals, monasteries, and churches, and helped shape much of medieval Europe.

That universal appeal explains why, centuries later, UNESCO designated the Camino de Santiago a World Heritage Site, and why every July 25, thousands of people from around the world still converge on the same square to mark the same date that’s been celebrated for over a thousand years.

The Holy Year of Compostela

If July 25 is already a special date every year, there’s one circumstance that elevates it to an entirely different level: when it falls on a Sunday. When that happens, the Church declares a Holy Year of Compostela (Año Santo Compostelano), a unique privilege granted only to Santiago de Compostela, Rome, and Jerusalem.

This privilege dates back to 1122, when Pope Calixtus II granted Compostela the honor of celebrating a Jubilee Year whenever the Feast of the Apostle fell on a Sunday. Decades later, in 1178, Pope Alexander III confirmed and made this privilege permanent through the papal bull Regis Aeterni, formally placing Compostela on equal footing with Rome and Jerusalem as a destination for plenary indulgence.

Because of how the calendar and leap years work, this coincidence follows a repeating pattern of 6, 5, 6, and 11 years, producing fourteen Holy Years per century. In recent decades, Compostela Holy Years were celebrated in 1993, 1999, 2004, 2010, and 2021 — the latter extended into 2022 by Pope Francis due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Following that same pattern, the next Holy Year will be 2027, followed by 2032.

During Holy Years, Santiago Cathedral opens its Holy Door (Puerta Santa), located in Quintana Square, in a ceremony held on New Year’s Eve of the preceding year, when the archbishop symbolically strikes with a silver hammer what, for centuries, was a bricked-up wall. Passing through the Holy Door, together with confession, communion, and prayer for the Pope’s intentions, allows pilgrims to obtain the plenary indulgence — a full remission of the temporal punishment for already-confessed sins, which for many believers is the ultimate purpose of their pilgrimage.

How Santiago de Compostela celebrates the Feast of the Apostle

The Feast of the Apostle isn’t limited to a single day. For nearly two weeks, Compostela fills with concerts, exhibitions, street parades, and outdoor performances that build in intensity toward the two biggest days: July 24 and 25.

Novena of St. James the Apostle

From July 15 to 23, at 7:30 PM each evening, the Novena of St. James the Apostle is held at the Cathedral. On July 24, ahead of the grand solemn Mass the following day, the Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, His Excellency and Most Reverend Francisco José Prieto Fernández, will preside over Solemn Vespers. On that day, the Pilgrim’s Mass is celebrated at 8:30 PM, an hour later than usual.

During this period, Pilgrim’s Masses are also held daily at 1:00 PM, 4:00 PM, 5:00 PM, 6:00 PM, and 7:30 PM.

Fogos do Apóstolo: the night that lights up the city

The night of July 24 is, for many picheleiros (locals from Santiago) and visitors, the true heart of the festival. This is the Fogos do Apóstolo (“Fires of the Apostle”) — a light, sound, and fireworks show that draws tens of thousands of people to Obradoiro Square and other iconic spots across the city. Its documented origins date back to the 16th century, when the square was lit with colored candles to mark the start of the celebration. In the 17th and 18th centuries, that lighting evolved into the burning of a large pyrotechnic “castle” designed to mimic the Cathedral’s façade.

For heritage-preservation reasons, since 2020 the fireworks display is no longer staged on the Cathedral façade itself. Today the fireworks are launched from several points around central Santiago — typically the Alameda park, the Fontiñas Steps (Carlomagno Park), and the Cidade da Cultura de Galicia.

The Apostle’s Mass, the National Offering, and the Botafumeiro

On July 25, religious solemnity takes center stage. The Apostle’s Mass is celebrated in the Cathedral, usually presided over by the Archbishop of Santiago, during which the traditional National Offering to the Apostle takes place — a ceremony dating back to 1643, when King Philip IV instituted an offering of a thousand gold escudos to the patron saint of Spain.

Today, the King of Spain, a representative of the Royal Household, or a royal delegate travels to Compostela each year to present this offering on behalf of the nation. During the Mass, it’s also customary for the famous botafumeiro to swing — the giant incense burner that sweeps across the Cathedral’s transept, filling the church with a cloud of incense in what is, for pilgrims and visitors alike, one of the most unforgettable images of the entire Camino de Santiago.

Galicia Day

July 25 is also Galicia’s National Day, the region’s official civic holiday, which takes advantage of the Apostle’s feast day to hold official ceremonies, cultural events, and public demonstrations tied to Galician identity.

On this single day, Compostela brings together religious solemnity, Galician cultural pride, and popular celebration — a combination that explains why this date is so unforgettable.

Feast of the Apostle 2026: Festival Program

After several years without it, the Feast of the Apostle 2026 brings back the light-and-sound show projected onto the façade of the Pazo de Raxoi, in Obradoiro Square. The projection will run about 9 minutes, blending imagery and music in a narrative sequence that brings the building’s façade to life.

It can be enjoyed over three nights: July 24 (the festival’s biggest day), with showings every 15 minutes between midnight and 2:00 AM; and July 25 and 26, with showings between 11:00 PM and 1:00 AM. The show joins the rest of the confirmed 2026 program (July 18–31), which includes concerts by Lila Downs and Belém Tajes on July 24, and closes with The Rapants on July 31.

A July 25 already looking ahead to the 2027 Holy Year

There are only a few days left until this year’s July 25 — the starting gun for two straight weeks of festivities in our city. But throughout 2026, it’s impossible not to already look ahead to next year.

Our last Holy Year — also the first double Holy Year in our history, 2021–2022 — was an unusual Jubilee, precisely because it coincided with the tail end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many pilgrims were still seen wearing masks and keeping their distance; the traditional embrace of the Apostle’s statue above the high altar wasn’t even possible at the time.

So yes, there’s real appetite for a Holy Year without restrictions — and one that’s approaching amid rumors that Pope Leo XIV could visit. The invitation has already been extended, and surely the Apostle will do his part to make it happen.

It might not hurt, either, to ask the meigas (Galicia’s legendary witches) for a little help…

Buen Camino!

Rutas Meigas | Camino de Santiago and hiking specialists in Galicia | rutasmeigas.com

A Rapa das Bestas is a centuries-old Galician tradition in which villagers round up wild horses from the mountains, cut their manes and tails by hand, treat them for parasites, and release them back to freedom. Held every first weekend of July in the village of Sabucedo (Pontevedra, Spain), it is one of Galicia’s oldest living festivals and has been officially declared a Festival of International Tourist Interest.

If there’s one thing worth talking about in Galicia during the summer, it’s festivals — and here, there’s no shortage of them. A Rapa das Bestas in Sabucedo is a celebration rooted in our most ancestral traditions, one you experience with your whole body: the smell of mountain brush and horse sweat clinging to your skin.

Every first weekend of July, a tiny village of barely 200 residents in the heart of the Tabeirós-Terra de Montes region becomes the stage for one of the oldest, most authentic, and most awe-inspiring traditions in Galicia.

At Rutas Meigas, we’ve always invited you to explore the Galician landscape — its trails, its forests, and its people. Few experiences capture the spirit of this land better than A Rapa das Bestas, a ritual where humans and wild horses meet, hand to hide, in a dance as old as Galicia itself.

What is A Rapa das Bestas?

The name “As Bestas” may ring a bell if you’ve seen The Beasts, Rodrigo Sorogoyen’s award-winning film — though here, we’re talking about horses, not the movie’s plot. A Rapa das Bestas, literally “the shearing of the beasts,” is the name given to one of the most distinctive traditions in Galician folk culture.

The ritual involves rounding up wild horses that live freely in the mountains, driving them into a circular stone enclosure called a curro, cutting their manes and tails, deworming them, treating any wounds, and marking them — before releasing them back into the wild.

This isn’t a show staged for tourists. It’s a centuries-old livestock management ritual that has evolved into one of Galicia‘s most recognizable cultural markers. The Greek geographer Strabo described, over 2,000 years ago, how the peoples of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula rounded up their wild horses with shouts and dramatic gestures. That same scene, with a few modern nuances, still plays out today.

The stars of the Rapa das Bestas are purebred Galician horses (caballo de pura raza gallega) and mixed Galician-breed horses — small, hardy, and extraordinarily resilient animals that have survived in the wild for centuries across Galicia’s hills. Their role goes far beyond folklore: by grazing on gorse, heather, and scrubland, these wild horses play a key role in wildfire prevention by keeping Galicia’s mountains clear of overgrowth. Caring for them, controlling their population, and keeping them healthy is, at its core, the real reason the rapa exists — and in an era of climate change, that role has never been more important.

A tradition celebrated across Galicia

While Sabucedo is by far the most famous, A Rapa das Bestas isn’t an isolated phenomenon. In fact, some of the oldest capitals in Santiago de Compostela Cathedral already depict a medieval aloitador (horse wrestler) grappling hand-to-hand with a horse.

Today, more than a dozen curros across the Galician countryside — mostly in the mountain ranges of southern Pontevedra — hold their own version of the rapa between spring and summer:

• Curro de Valga and Curro de Torroña, in Oia (Pontevedra) — May and June
• Curro de Mougás, also in Oia — mid-June
• Curro de Morgadáns and Curro de San Cibrán, in Gondomar, on the slopes of Mount Galiñeiro
• Curro da Capelada, in Cedeira (A Coruña)
• Curro Campo do Oso, in Mondoñedo (Lugo)
• Curro de Candaoso, in Viveiro (Lugo) — also officially declared of Tourist Interest
• Curro de Amil, in Moraña, and Curro de Monte Castelo, in Cotobade — held in July

A Rapa das Bestas reflects the communal spirit of Galicia‘s villages, respect for an animal that roams free nearly all year, and an awareness of preserving a bond between people and mountain that dates back at least to the Iron Age.

Still, none of these other curros has reached the fame, scale, or symbolic weight of Sabucedo’s.

Sabucedo: the Origin of a legend over three centuries old

The parish of San Lourenzo de Sabucedo, part of the municipality of A Estrada in the province of Pontevedra, near Santiago de Compostela, is a tiny place — barely six square kilometers — that sees its population multiply many times over during the first weekend of July, as visitors arrive from across Galicia, Spain, and around the world.

Sabucedo’s rapa has ancestral roots, and like most age-old traditions, its exact origin blurs the line between history and legend. Oral tradition tells of a plague that devastated the region centuries ago, when two sisters promised San Lourenzo, the parish’s patron saint, that they would donate two of their horses if the disease came to an end. The plague subsided, the promise was kept, and since the Church could own animals but not care for them day to day, local villagers took on the task themselves — gathering, marking, and tending to the horses once a year, while letting them roam free the rest of the time.

The earliest written records describing a rapa similar to today’s ceremony date back to 1682, making Sabucedo’s tradition one of the oldest continuously living customs in all of Galicia.

The Curro de Sabucedo: Galicia’s purest Rapa

What sets the Curro de Sabucedo apart from every other is how the confrontation between human and horse unfolds. No ropes, lassos, or sticks are used here. Instead, the aloitadores — young men, and increasingly young women, from Sabucedo — face the animals using only their bare hands and a knowledge of horses passed down through generations. It’s likely the only curro in Galicia where the struggle happens entirely hand-to-hand, body-to-body.

The current enclosure was built in the 18th century, adjoining the parish church itself. Its stone walls and semicircular stands, arranged like a small amphitheater, let hundreds of spectators watch the action up close without interfering — a piece of vernacular architecture that has served the same purpose for three centuries.

A Baixa: the search in the mountains

It all begins before dawn, when the people of Sabucedo climb Montouto mountain to locate the horse herds that have spent the year grazing freely. Guided by their deep knowledge of the terrain and the animals’ behavior, they slowly encircle the herds and, with patience and skill, drive them down toward the village.

O Curro: the hand-to-hand struggle

Once the wild horses are inside the enclosure, the festival reaches its climax. The aloitadores and aloitadoras work in small teams of three. Two of them handle the horse’s head, working to hold and subdue the animal, while the third controls the tail to avoid kicks. It’s an intense, full-body struggle — equal parts strength and technique — that ends with the cutting of the horse’s mane and tail, deworming, and a health check. The youngest foals are separated first to keep them safe during the wrestling.

Os Aloitadores & as Aloitadoras: guardians of a living tradition

Being an aloitador in Sabucedo is a role passed down through generations — one you grow up watching in a father, an uncle, or a neighbor, and one that demands an intimate understanding of horse behavior that only comes with years of experience. Each edition of the rapa pays tribute to these men and women, the true guardians of a tradition they carry, quite literally, on their shoulders, generation after generation.

A Rapa das Bestas de Sabucedo: Festival Program

The celebration has been officially declared a Festival of International Tourist Interest.

The program unfolds over four days:

• Day 1: A tribute gala honoring the aloitadores and aloitadoras
• Day 2: Mass in honor of San Lourenzo, followed by A Baixa — the trip up the mountain to round up the horses
• Saturday: The horses arrive in Sabucedo, and the first major curro session takes place in the afternoon
• Sunday: The experience repeats, typically with a midday session and another at dusk
• Monday: The festival closes with the final curro session and the horses’ return to the mountains

Between curro sessions, the whole village turns into one big street party — as only Galicia can do it — with parades, traditional bagpipe (gaita) music, concerts as part of the Rapasons festival, and food and craft stalls lining the streets.

Each edition brings together more than 600 wild horses across roughly 14 herds — a display of strength and community organization that’s as hard to match as it is to forget. A ticket is required to watch the curro sessions from the stands, so it’s worth planning ahead if you want to experience it up close.

Discover Galicia with Rutas Meigas

Galicia is full of places waiting to be discovered — more than you’d ever imagine.

Tabeirós-Terra de Montes is a land of forests, rivers, and villages, perfect for unhurried hiking and exploration, and it sits just a short distance from Santiago de Compostela.

Pairing the end of your Camino de Santiago with a visit to Sabucedo, exploring Padrón — one of the towns most closely tied to the Jacobean tradition — or hiking a route through the Serra do Barbanza, is the best way to understand why this land remains so deeply connected to its traditions.

Rutas Meigas | Specialists in Camino de Santiago and hiking in Galicia | rutasmeigas.com

Some trails don’t appear in mainstream travel guides. They don’t seek crowds or easy fame. Instead, they wait in quiet patience for the right traveller to find them. O Camiño do Monxe — the Monk’s Way — is exactly that kind of trail. A circular 144-kilometre hiking route through the heart of Galicia’s Ribeira Sacra, it stands as one of the most authentic and least-explored long-distance walking experiences in the whole of Spain.

At Rutas Meigas, we have spent years introducing travellers to Galicia beyond its most-walked paths. When we hand our guests the keys to O Camiño do Monxe, something invariably happens: they come back changed. Not metaphorically. This route carries an ancient pulse, a density of landscape and history, that leaves a mark on everyone who walks it.

What is O Camiño do Monxe?

O Camiño do Monxe was created by passionate local enthusiasts deeply committed to sharing the authentic soul of their land. The trail follows a network of ancient paths that predate the monasteries themselves, the Roman conquest and even the Iron Age hillforts that still crown the slopes of this extraordinary region. These are millennium-old tracks etched into the earth, connecting villages, farmland and sacred sites across a landscape that is profoundly, breathtakingly rural.

The route immerses hikers in the most genuine face of the Ribeira Sacra: dense oak and chestnut forests, steep riverbanks above deep river gorges, golden-stone Romanesque monasteries, medieval castles perched on vertiginous ridges and living villages where time seems to have stood still. A 144-kilometre journey divided into 7 stages of between 19 and 22 kilometres each, with moderate difficulty that makes it accessible to experienced hikers in good physical condition.

The route is circular, starting and finishing in Castro Caldelas, one of the most charming towns in the region. No need to coordinate two different arrival and departure points — the traveller returns to the same place they started from, completing a perfect circle both on the map and in the spirit.

Hiking the Ribeira Sacra: far more than a wine wegion

For many visitors, the Ribeira Sacra is synonymous with wine. And understandably so: the breathtaking terraced vineyards cascading vertically down to the canyons of the Sil and Miño rivers represent one of the most spectacular wine landscapes in all of Europe. But to reduce this comarca to its Mencía or Godello production would be an unforgivable oversight.

The Ribeira Sacra is, above all, sacred — as its very name declares. From the earliest centuries of Christianity, hermits and monks chose these steep valleys and impenetrable forests as places to withdraw from the world and build their spiritual communities. The result is an extraordinary concentration of Romanesque heritage without parallel anywhere in Spain: dozens of monasteries, churches, chapels and hermitages scattered across a geography that seems purpose-built for contemplation and retreat.

But the history of this land runs even deeper. Before the medieval monks came Rome. Before Rome, the Celtic hillfort peoples. And before them, a humanity that left its marks in stone and earth in ways we still do not fully understand. O Camiño do Monxe passes through all those layers, superimposing eras and cultures with every step.

The 7 Stages: a journey through time

Stage 1: Castro Caldelas – Fábrica da Luz

The first stage sets off from Castro Caldelas, dominated by its imposing medieval castle, and enters the Galician mountain landscape along rural paths through ancient chestnut trees. The highlight of this opening day is the passage through the ruins of the Monastery of San Paio de Abeleda, a medieval monastic complex steeped in history and wrapped in the deep silence of the Ribeira Sacra. The stage ends at the spectacular Pasarelas del Río Mao at the Fábrica da Luz, where wild nature and 20th-century industrial heritage create a combination of barely describable beauty.

Stage 2: Fábrica da Luz – Parada de Sil

The second stage unfolds alongside the great protagonist of the Ribeira Sacra: the Sil Canyon. The trail hugs the river for several kilometres, offering perspectives of the gorge that would justify the entire trip on their own. The peak moment arrives at the Balcones de Madrid viewpoints, among the most breathtaking lookout points in all of Galicia, where the curves of the Sil disappearing between forest-covered mountains create an image impossible to forget. The stage also passes through the landscape surrounding the Monastery of Santa Cristina de Ribas de Sil, currently under restoration but still a place of powerful spiritual presence.

Stage 3: Parada de Sil – Santo Estevo

Arguably the most panoramic of all seven stages. The succession of viewpoints punctuating this stretch — Cotarro, Cabezoá, A Columna, Vilouxe, Pé do Home — turns this day’s walk into a continuous parade of privileged views over the Sil canyons. The stage finale at the Monastery of Santo Estevo is one of the most emotionally charged moments of the entire route: arriving at this magnificent Romanesque complex, today converted into a Parador de Turismo, after hours of walking through forests and stopping at miradores, produces a feeling that is genuinely unique.

Stage 4: Santo Estevo – Esgos

The fourth stage begins with a significant ascent from the monastery following the Natural Trail, which allows walkers to contemplate the Santo Estevo complex from above. The trail leads to the Cabeza de Meda wind farm and descends toward Esgos through open moorland landscapes. The undeniable highlight is the visit to the Monastery of San Pedro de Rocas, the oldest in the Ribeira Sacra and in all of Galicia, dating from the 6th century and partially excavated from the living rock. An archaeological and historical treasure that rewards all the time one can give it.

Stage 5: Esgos – Maceda

This stage connects the Ribeira Sacra with the high interior lands of Galicia, travelling along the Ribeira Sacra Natural Trail and arriving at the Monastery of Santa María de San Pedro de Espadanedo, where hikers can collect one of the most distinctive stamps on the entire route — wax-sealed in the medieval style. The day ends at the Castle of Maceda, a medieval fortress that commands the surrounding countryside with patrician authority.

Stage 6: Maceda – Montederramo

The penultimate stage leads the traveller to the spiritual heart of the entire route: the Monastery of Santa María de Montederramo, considered the most important monastery in the Ribeira Sacra. The trail crosses open mountain landscapes with spectacular panoramic views and passes through villages where rural Galician life continues with full authenticity. A demanding stage in certain sections, but extraordinarily rich in both landscape and emotional resonance.

Stage 7: Montederramo – Castro Caldelas

The final stage closes the circle, returning to Castro Caldelas. The path leaves from the Monastery of Montederramo and traverses forest and moorland landscapes through Romanesque chapels and hermitages, passing the Chapel of As Neves and culminating in the Monastery of San Juan de Camba before returning to the starting point. A finale that invites deep reflection on the complete journey — the landscapes, the monasteries and the silences the traveller now carries within them.

Why O Camiño do Monxe is unlike any other trail

At a time when many hiking routes have become backpacker motorways, O Camiño do Monxe represents something radically different. Here you won’t find queues at hostels, mass selfies at scenic spots or the sense of doing something already done by millions before you. This trail is still genuinely wild, in the very best sense of the word.

The signage, in certain sections, can be sparse or ambiguous, making a downloaded GPS track on your phone or dedicated device almost indispensable. But far from being a weakness, this is part of the appeal: O Camiño do Monxe demands attention, presence and real engagement with the terrain. It is not a trail to walk on autopilot. It is a trail that asks you to be fully awake.

The landscapes offer a variety and beauty that few routes in Spain can match: from the deepest river gorges on the Iberian Peninsula to the most silent mountain forests, through millennia-old vineyards, eternal-looking stone villages and Romanesque monuments that have been gazing at the Galician sky for centuries. Each stage has its own personality and offers radically different experiences.

Hiking the Ribeira Sacra with Rutas Meigas: your Journey, without the worry

Organising a 9-day, 144-kilometre journey through unfamiliar territory can be complex. That’s why at Rutas Meigas we offer a complete package so the traveller can focus exclusively on walking, discovering and enjoying.

O Camiño do Monxe with Rutas Meigas starts from €890 per person (price valid September to June; please contact us for July and August pricing). The package includes 9 days and 8 nights in private rooms with private bathrooms, bed and breakfast accommodation, luggage transfer between stages so you never have to carry a full pack, and the necessary transfers as marked in the itinerary. Everything organised so that the only effort required is the walk itself.

• 9 days / 8 nights in private room with private bathroom
• Breakfast included every morning
• Luggage transfer between stages
• Transfers as per itinerary
• Personalised attention and Rutas Meigas support throughout

Rutas Meigas is a travel agency specialised in hiking and the Camino de Santiago, based in Galicia. Our deep knowledge of the territory, combined with our network of carefully selected accommodations, allows us to offer a quality experience that goes far beyond simple logistics.

Who Is This Trail For?

O Camiño do Monxe is ideal for experienced multi-day hikers seeking something authentic, far from mass tourism. Moderate difficulty means it is accessible to people with reasonable fitness and hiking experience, but not to complete beginners. Stages of between 19 and 22 kilometres require stamina and solid footwear.

It is also a perfect route for lovers of historical heritage and Romanesque architecture, for those who find Galician nature and its unique forests to be something more than mere backdrop, and for travellers who value silence, authenticity and direct contact with local communities that keep their traditions alive. If you seek a trail where every step carries meaning and where the landscape is not merely beautiful but deeply evocative, O Camiño do Monxe is your route.

How to plan your Hiking the Ribeira Sacra with Rutas Meigas

If O Camiño do Monxe has sparked your interest, the next step is simple: contact Rutas Meigas team for a personalised proposal tailored to your dates and needs. You can reach us through our website, by phone or by email. Our team will advise you on the best season for the route, the equipment you’ll need, arrival logistics and all the practical details to make your Ribeira Sacra adventure truly perfect.

The ideal seasons for O Camiño do Monxe are spring and autumn, when the forests of the Ribeira Sacra display their most spectacular colours and walking temperatures are just right. Summer is also possible, though inland temperatures can be higher. Rain — Galicia’s inseparable companion — can appear at any time of year, so a good waterproof layer is always welcome.

Ready to walk O Camiño do Monxe? Rutas Meigas takes care of everything. Write to info@rutasmeigas.com or call us at +34 881 019 941.

Rutas Meigas | Specialists in Camino de Santiago and hiking in Galicia | rutasmeigas.com

Some wine regions are born of ease: flat land, simple mechanisation, economies of scale. And then there is the Ribeira Sacra. Here, wine was born not of convenience but of necessity, of faith, and of an almost supernatural stubbornness in coaxing fruit from slopes that the rest of the world would have written off as impossible. A territory where every bottle carries the imprint of a civilisation that chose to plant vines where no logic justified it — and where the result is a wine that tastes, literally, of mountain, slate, river and centuries.

At Rutas Meigas we have been in love with this landscape and its people since 1998. And since that very same year we have shared our path with Adega Algueira, a family winery that is exactly the same age as us, and that represents, better than any other, the spirit of this land: deep, authentic, heroic.

The Ribeira Sacra and wine: a two-thousand-year story

The winemaking history of the Ribeira Sacra stretches back at least to Roman times. When Rome’s legions advanced into the northwestern corner of the Iberian Peninsula in the first century BC, they found in the valleys of the Sil and Miño an extraordinary landscape for viticulture: steep south-facing slopes that captured maximum solar radiation, slate soils with perfect drainage, and the thermoregulating influence of the rivers that created a unique microclimate, sheltered from Atlantic excesses and continental frosts.

The Romans wasted no time. They began terracing the slopes with dry-stone walls, creating the stepped bancales that are today the most recognisable visual symbol of the Ribeira Sacra. But it was the medieval monks who turned viticulture into the economic and spiritual backbone of the entire region. From the 6th and 7th centuries onwards, the hermits who settled along these riverbanks found in wine not only an essential foodstuff but an indispensable liturgical element. The great monasteries — Santo Estevo, Santa Cristina, San Paio de Abeleda, Montederramo — became the first large organised wine producers, developing cultivation and winemaking techniques that laid the foundations for what we now call heroic viticulture.

The term “heroic” is neither rhetorical nor marketing spin. The International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) defines heroic viticulture as farming practised under extreme conditions: slopes exceeding 30%, altitudes above 500 metres, narrow terraces that prevent mechanisation, or a combination of these factors. In the Ribeira Sacra, virtually the entire vineyard area meets one or more of these criteria. Slopes that in some places exceed 70% mean that every harvest is a physical and logistical feat that only passion and generational knowledge can accomplish.

During the Middle Ages, wine production in the Ribeira Sacra reached levels that would surprise us today. Historical records describe a region intensively cultivated, with vineyards covering slopes that are now largely abandoned or reclaimed by forest. Decline came with the 19th-century ecclesiastical confiscations that dismantled the monastic system sustaining viticulture for centuries, and deepened with the rural exodus of the 20th century, when thousands abandoned these valleys for work in cities and abroad.

Recovery arrived in the 1980s and 90s, driven by a group of vintners with vision, determination and a profound love for their land. The granting of Denominación de Origen status to Ribeira Sacra in 1996 was official recognition of what those pioneers already knew: that these wines, made with the indigenous Mencía variety and with other nearly forgotten varieties such as Merenzao, Brancellao, Godello and Treixadura, possessed a personality and quality that the national and international market had yet to discover. What followed would become an unprecedented success story in Spanish wine history.

The Wine Landscape: why the Ribeira Sacra is unique in the world

To understand Ribeira Sacra wine, one must first understand its landscape. The Sil and Miño rivers have carved their way through the Galician mountains over millions of years, creating canyons up to 500 metres deep that are, without question, one of the most impressive geological spectacles on the entire Iberian Peninsula. The canyon slopes, covered in dark slate that absorbs heat during the day and releases it slowly at night, create an ideal thermal environment for grape ripening.

Slate is, in many ways, the soul of Ribeira Sacra wine. This type of soil, poor in nutrients but rich in minerals, forces the vines to drive their roots deep into the rock in search of water and sustenance. The result is a vine that struggles, that fights, and in that struggle concentrates in its clusters an aromatic intensity and a mineral complexity that is virtually impossible to achieve in more generous soils. When wine lovers speak of the “minerality” of a Ribeira Sacra Mencía, they are speaking, literally, of slate: that taste of wet stone, of flint, of geological depth that no other Iberian terroir reproduces in quite the same way.

All of this is complemented by the Ribeira Sacra Denominación de Origen, which encompasses five differentiated sub-zones with their own characteristics: Amandi, Chantada, Quiroga-Bibei, Ribeiras do Miño and Ribeiras do Sil. Each produces wines with different nuances depending on altitude, slope orientation, soil composition and local microclimate. This internal diversity is another of the DO’s great assets, allowing a wine enthusiast to spend years exploring its different expressions without exhausting the surprises.

Adega Algueira: when wine is a vocation and a legacy

In 1998 — the same year Rutas Meigas opened its doors to the world — Fernando González planted the first vines at Doade, on the banks of the Sil, in what would become Adega Algueira. But the real story begins earlier: in 1979, when Fernando discovered an old vineyard hidden among stone-walled terraces at Carballo Cobo, a plot that captivated him from the very first moment and would become the spiritual and physical origin of the entire winery.

The story of Algueira is the story of a recovery. When Fernando began working the Sil vineyards, he found abandoned plots, crumbled walls, old vines barely surviving among scrub. What others saw as a landscape in decline, he saw as a heritage to be rescued. Every vine recovered, every terrace wall rebuilt, every nearly-forgotten variety that bore fruit again was a small victory against oblivion and abandonment.

Algueira’s philosophy rests on three pillars that perfectly summarise the winery’s spirit. The first is recovery and protection: rescuing historic vineyards and conserving the slate soils and century-old terraces that form part of the living memory of the Ribeira Sacra. The second is celebrating diversity: beyond the ever-present Mencía, Algueira works with Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caíño, Godello, Treixadura and other indigenous varieties that enrich the vinous identity of the region. The third is innovating from tradition: researching, experimenting and creating wines that surprise, always faithful to the terroir and respectful of nature.

The result of this philosophy is a range of wines that are, in themselves, a map of the Ribeira Sacra. Each Algueira label responds to a question, an exploration, a specific vineyard or a rediscovered variety, a collection that is at once a catalogue of nearly-forgotten varieties and a declaration of love for this land.

Wine Tourism in the Ribeira Sacra: living wine from the Inside

The Ribeira Sacra is, increasingly, a first-class wine tourism destination. Not only because its wines are exceptional, but because visiting this region uniquely combines oenological pleasure with immersion in a landscape that is, in itself, a work of art. The heroic vineyards hanging above the Sil canyons are not just a picturesque backdrop: they are the indispensable context for understanding why the wine produced here tastes the way it does.

Combining Wine Tourism and Hiking: the Rutas Meigas approach

At Rutas Meigas we believe that wine and hiking are two complementary and deeply Galician ways of relating to a territory. Walking the Ribeira Sacra — through routes like O Camiño do Monxe or any of the comarca’s other trails — and stopping to discover its wineries, its wines and its people, is the most complete way of understanding this place.

The partnership between Rutas Meigas and Adega Algueira has been built over more than 25 years with the same philosophy: offering travellers authentic experiences that connect them with the best of Galicia. When we organise routes through the Ribeira Sacra, a visit to Algueira is one of those stops we consider essential — not as a tourist add-on but as a central experience, capable of adding a layer of understanding and enjoyment that transcends the simple tasting of a wine.

• Hiking routes through the Ribeira Sacra with stops at selected wineries
• Guided visits to Adega Algueira with tasting included
• Boat trip through the Sil Canyon
• Traditional lunch
• Combination with O Camiño do Monxe or other routes in the region
• Private room accommodation with en-suite bathroom and luggage transfer

Everything organised by Rutas Meigas so that the traveller need not worry about a single logistical detail and can focus exclusively on what matters: discovering the Ribeira Sacra from within.

The Ribeira Sacra on the International Wine Tourism Map

In recent years, the Ribeira Sacra has leapt from being a relatively unknown region outside Spain to being regularly cited by the most influential wine guides and publications in the world. Algueira’s wines, like those of other benchmark wineries in the DO, have appeared on the wine lists of Michelin-starred restaurants across Europe and the Americas, and Ribeira Sacra Mencía has become a standard reference in discussions about the most interesting Spanish reds of the present day.

This international recognition has driven a quality wine tourism that attracts enthusiasts from across the world. Visitors from Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and the Nordic countries travel specifically to the Ribeira Sacra to explore its vineyards, visit its wineries and walk its trails. The region uniquely combines what many wine tourism destinations offer separately: great wines, extraordinary landscapes, millennia of history, excellent gastronomy and a cultural authenticity that mass tourism has not yet eroded.

Fancy discovering the Ribeira Sacra among vineyards and canyons? Rutas Meigas makes it possible. Write to us at info@rutasmeigas.com or call +34 881 019 941.

Because Ribeira Sacra wine cannot be explained: it must be walked, navigated, smelled and drunk. And then, inevitably, missed. Because as they say in Galicia: witches don’t exist — but in the Ribeira Sacra, if they do, they’re here.

Rutas Meigas | Specialists in Camino de Santiago and hiking in Galicia | rutasmeigas.com

If you think reaching Santiago de Compostela on foot today can sometimes be challenging — even with Google Maps, which honestly will not help much on certain stretches — imagine what it was like in the Middle Ages, when pilgrims had no maps at all.

Today, along many sections of the Camino de Santiago, pilgrims simply follow the famous yellow arrows. Every time you spot one, you know you are on the right path, that the Saint James Way continues in that direction.

But those yellow arrows are actually quite recent. And we owe them to Elías Valiña Sampedro, the parish priest of O Cebreiro who, armed with cans of yellow paint and a tiny Citroën 2CV, changed the history of the Camino de Santiago forever.

The priest of the first Galician village on the Camino Francés

Elías Valiña was born in 1929 in Mundín, a small hamlet near Sarria, in the province of Lugo. He was ordained as a priest in 1957 and assigned to the parish of Santa María la Real de O Cebreiro, the iconic mountain village of stone pallozas and perpetual mist where the Camino Francés enters Galicia. There he would live, work, and eventually die. He spent thirty-two years serving the same parish, with a dedication that went far beyond ordinary religious duties.

Valiña was a highly educated man. He earned a degree in Canon Law from the Pontifical University of Comillas and later completed his doctorate at the University of Salamanca. As early as 1961–62, he wrote his doctoral thesis titled “The Camino de Santiago: A Historical-Legal Study,” becoming one of the first scholars to approach the pilgrimage route with true academic rigor.

At that time, the Camino de Santiago was little more than a fading memory. Many stretches had disappeared beneath vegetation, and the few pilgrims who dared to attempt the route frequently got lost. The medieval pilgrimage tradition seemed destined to vanish.

The story of the yellow arrows on the Camino de Santiago

In 1984, Elías Valiña undertook the task that would immortalize him: the complete waymarking of the Camino Francés from Roncesvalles to Santiago de Compostela.

He climbed into his small Citroën 2CV, loaded it with cans of paint, and drove hundreds of kilometers along the pilgrimage route, stopping at every crossroads, every fork, and every place where a pilgrim might hesitate.

And there, he painted a very simple symbol to indicate the direction forward: arrows.

The color itself, like many great ideas throughout history, comes with its own legend. Some say the priest bought leftover yellow paint from roadwork projects at a very low price and simply used what was available. His nephew and close collaborator, José Manuel López Valiña, offers a less accidental explanation: according to him, the priest had observed in France that yellow was commonly used to mark mountain hiking trails and consciously chose it because of its high visibility and durability.

Whether coincidence or vision, the result was the same: yellow became the universal language of the Camino de Santiago.

And, of course, there is also the anecdote that history has transformed into legend. According to the story, while painting yellow arrows in the Pyrenees, Elías Valiña was stopped by the Guardia Civil, suspicious of the mysterious markings appearing throughout the mountains.

“What are you doing?” they asked him.

The priest’s answer was as dry as it was unexpected:

“I am preparing an invasion.”

Only instead of soldiers, the invaders would be pilgrims.

Much more than a yellow arrow pointing toward Compostela

The yellow arrow is Elías Valiña’s most visible legacy, but his work went far beyond waymarking.

He promoted the restoration of the historic village of O Cebreiro, a project that culminated in 1971 with the inauguration of its Ethnographic Museum. He recovered lost stretches of the Camino in Galicia, cleared overgrown paths, created maps, and wrote pilgrimage guides.

Between 1985 and 1987, he personally edited and published the Boletín del Camino de Santiago, a modest but essential newsletter for the emerging network of pilgrims and Camino associations.

He was also a tireless hospitalero. He reopened the pilgrims’ hostel in O Cebreiro and managed it together with his family, welcoming the few pilgrims who ventured along the route during those years.

In 1985, during the First Jacobean Gathering held in Santiago de Compostela, he was unanimously appointed Commissioner of the Camino de Santiago. Two years later, he organized the International Congress of the Camino de Santiago in Jaca, where the foundations were laid for the Camino’s recognition as a European Cultural Itinerary — a title officially granted by the Council of Europe later that same year, 1987.

Always on the Camino

Elías Valiña died on December 11, 1989, at the age of 60, after suffering from cancer.

The first Holy Year in which the Camino de Santiago would once again overflow with pilgrims — the famous Xacobeo 1993 — arrived four years after his death. He never lived to see the full impact of his work.

It is said that before he died, he made one final request to his family: to ensure that the yellow arrow would never disappear from the Camino.

His nephew José Manuel, together with British writer and historian Laurie Dennett, continued the mapping project that the priest had left unfinished.

Today, Elías Valiña rests in the basilica of Santa María la Real de O Cebreiro. On the stone marking his grave, only three words are engraved in Galician:

“Sempre no Camiño” — “Always on the Camino.”

The yellow arrow followed by hundreds of thousands of Pilgrims

Every time you look up and see a yellow arrow painted on a wall, a tree trunk, or the arch of an old bridge, you are following the spirit of that mountain priest who, at a time when the Camino de Santiago was little more than a forgotten trail, decided to bring it back to life.

On our Camino de Santiago routes, we stop in O Cebreiro not only to admire its ancient pallozas — sometimes covered in snow — or the mist rising from the valleys. That place also tells the story of the priest who, with nothing more than cans of yellow paint, marked the way forward for generations of pilgrims.

Because of his enormous legacy, a documentary was made about his life: “Elías Valiña, the Inventor of the Yellow Arrows.” On February 2nd, 2025, the first-ever Elías Valiña Sampedro Day was celebrated, coinciding with the 96th anniversary of his birth, with commemorative events in Sarria and the unveiling of a memorial plaque at his birthplace in Mundín.

Today, Elías Valiña is no longer simply part of the Camino de Santiago. He is part of its history.

Buen Camino!

You’ve been walking for several days toward Compostela, enjoying the endless green landscapes of Galicia, its tiny villages with granite houses, the scent of eucalyptus and damp earth. Suddenly, something catches your eye: a bunch of yellow-flowered branches hanging on the door of a house. Then you spot another one on the bumper of a car. Another tied to the rearview mirror of a van. If you are walking the Camino de Santiago along the coast, you may even see them on fishing boats. Naturally, you start wondering why.

Well, here’s the answer.

Welcome to one of Galicia’s oldest and most vibrant traditions: Os Maios.

Xesta, the flower of protection

What you are seeing on doors and vehicles is called xesta, known in English as Scotch broom or common broom (Cytisus scoparius). It is a shrub commonly found throughout the hills and trails of Galicia, and between April and July it bursts into intense yellow bloom, painting the landscape gold.

During May, when thousands of pilgrims walk the Camino de Santiago — also known internationally as the Saint James Way — xesta is in full bloom, making it impossible to miss.

But this is Galicia, a land of ancient magic and superstition, so xesta is not just decorative. It is believed to protect.

According to Galician tradition, placing branches of xesta at the entrance of a house, on a fishing boat, or in a car before dawn on May 1st keeps negative forces away as the new month begins.

As elders from the Rías Baixas say, it is done “so that May cannot enter, nor any evil spell take hold.” In other words, to keep bad luck, the evil eye, and dark spirits from finding their way into your life during the month ahead.

What are “Os Maios”?

The Festa dos Maios is one of Galicia’s oldest celebrations. Its origins date back to the pre-Roman civilizations of northwestern Iberia, with possible links to the Celtic festival of Beltane — celebrated on the night of April 30th to May 1st and marking the beginning of the pastoral summer — as well as to the Roman worship of Maia, goddess of fertility and spring. Some ethnographers have even connected the conical shapes of the festival structures with ancient Celtic ritual mounds or burial monuments.

What Galicians call maios are elaborate vegetal structures built from wooden frames covered with moss, fennel, xesta, and wildflowers, usually shaped like cones or pyramids.

At the top, there is almost always a cross, because in Galicia religion and superstition walk hand in hand.

These creations parade through towns and villages during the first days of May, accompanied by traditional songs known as coplas, often humorous or satirical, delighting locals of all ages.

The materials used to build Os Maios must always be natural and, according to the oldest traditions, ideally “stolen,” as the ritual once required.

There are two main types of maios: the traditional cone- or pyramid-shaped structures — especially famous in Ourense, where some can exceed five meters in height — and the more artistic versions, which recreate granaries, stone crosses, bridges, animals, boats, or even human figures with remarkable creativity.

In coastal towns such as Marín, many maios naturally take the shape of fishing boats.

A Galician tradition that has survived everything

What makes Os Maios truly extraordinary is not only their age, but their ability to survive through centuries of change.

The tradition endured Romanization, medieval Christianization, social transformations, and modernity itself. Yet every spring, Galicia still dresses in yellow.

In the past, farmers decorated cattle horns and farming tools with xesta branches. Today the gesture remains essentially the same: invoking protection, celebrating nature’s rebirth, and finally shutting the door on winter.

In the city of Ourense, the Festa dos Maios was officially declared a Festival of National Tourist Interest in 2001. In Pontevedra, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Redondela, Marín, Portonovo, and dozens of villages across Galicia, maios competitions and traditional songs continue to bring entire communities together to celebrate the arrival of spring.

The Camino de Santiago and Os Maios: spirituality and superstition

For pilgrims walking the Camino de Santiago in spring, encountering Os Maios is one of those unexpected experiences that makes the Saint James Way even more unforgettable.

Galicia is a land where the sacred, superstition, and everyday life blend together naturally; where pagan rituals and Christian traditions coexist without contradiction; where magic is simply part of life. As Galicians like to say: “haberlas, haylas” — witches may or may not be seen, but they definitely exist.

So, if you come across those yellow flowering branches hanging from a doorway, now you know that this humble xesta has been protecting the people behind that threshold for thousands of years.

And perhaps it is not such a bad idea to tie a small branch to your pilgrim backpack, just in case you would like a little extra protection for the rest of your Camino de Santiago journey.

Buen Camino!!!

Long before printed maps, travel guidebooks, or mobile apps existed, there was already a book that taught pilgrims how to reach their destination, which routes to follow, what dangers to avoid, and what wonders they would encounter along the way.

That book was written in the Middle Ages, and its mission was clear: to guide devoted travelers to Santiago de Compostela Cathedral along the Camino de Santiago.

Today, the Codex Calixtinus is considered not only the most famous manuscript connected to the Camino de Santiago but also the first travel guide in European history. It is a monumental work that blends faith, literature, music, medieval epic storytelling, religious propaganda, and practical advice for pilgrims.

Written in Latin during the 12th century, the manuscript is preserved in the archive of Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, where it is protected under strict security measures.

A book created to make Santiago a spiritual center of Europe

The full title of the work is Liber Sancti Iacobi (Book of Saint James), although it became widely known as the Codex Calixtinus due to its false attribution to Pope Callixtus II.

In reality, its author—or authors—remain unknown. However, scholars believe it likely originated in France and was closely connected to the influential Order of Cluny.

The project was promoted by Diego Gelmírez, the powerful archbishop who played a decisive role in establishing the international prestige of Santiago de Compostela during the Middle Ages.

His goal was ambitious: to consolidate Santiago as the second great center of Christianity after Rome and to provide religious, cultural, and political legitimacy to the growing pilgrimage along the Camino de Santiago.

The Codex was not written all at once. Its compilation likely took more than forty years, from the 1120s to the 1170s, gradually expanding until reaching its final form with liturgical texts, stories, and even a musical appendix containing some of the earliest examples of Western polyphony.

Five books that built the world of the Camino de Santiago

The Codex Calixtinus is organized into five books, each designed with a specific purpose within the broader project of promoting devotion to Saint James the Greater and strengthening the pilgrimage tradition.

Book I: liturgy and spirituality

This is the longest section of the manuscript. It contains masses, sermons, hymns, blessings, and liturgical texts dedicated to Saint James.

One of the most notable texts is the famous sermon Veneranda Dies, which explains the deeper meaning of medieval pilgrimage: walking as a spiritual, penitential, and communal journey.

This section shows that the Camino de Santiago was never just a physical journey—it was a theological experience.

Book II: the miracles of Saint James

The second book gathers twenty-two miracles attributed to Saint James, reported from different regions of Europe.

Many of these stories are directly connected to the Camino de Santiago and the dangers pilgrims faced during the Middle Ages, including:

• Injustice
• Illness
• Shipwrecks
• Imprisonment

These accounts reinforced faith in the Apostle’s protection and encouraged believers to undertake the long and risky pilgrimage under his spiritual protection.

Book III: the arrival of Saint James’s body in Galicia

This section recounts the famous Translatio, the story of how the body of Saint James was transported from Jerusalem to Galicia after his martyrdom.

The narrative combines biblical elements, oral traditions, and medieval symbolism. Its purpose was to justify the historical presence of the Apostle’s tomb in Santiago de Compostela and reinforce the legitimacy of the pilgrimage destination.

Book IV: Charlemagne and the liberation of the Camino

The fourth book moves into the realm of epic storytelling.

It narrates the legendary adventures of Charlemagne and his knight Roland, who supposedly fought Muslim forces to liberate the Camino de Santiago.

This narrative, known as the Pseudo-Turpin Chronicle, is historically inaccurate but became extremely popular across medieval Europe, circulating in hundreds of copies.

Its goal was clear: to link the legendary figure of Charlemagne with the spiritual importance of Santiago.

Book V: the first travel guide in Europe

The fifth book is the most famous section of the Codex Calixtinus and the reason it is widely considered Europe’s first travel guide.

It describes in remarkable detail the French pilgrimage routes and the Camino Francés in Spain, including information about:

• Stages of the journey
• Cities and villages along the route
• Sanctuaries and relics
• Local customs
• Typical foods
• Potential dangers
• Character of local populations
• Descriptions of the Romanesque Santiago Cathedral

The guide is generally attributed to the French cleric Aymeric Picaud, who wrote from the perspective of personal pilgrimage experience.

Surprisingly modern in tone, the text combines practical travel advice with cultural observations, making it an invaluable resource for understanding the medieval Camino de Santiago.

This section has also played a key role in the modern revival of the Camino.

Music for Saint James: the first european polyphony

The Codex Calixtinus also includes a musical appendix with 21 compositions, representing some of the earliest examples of Western polyphonic music.

Among them is the famous Dum pater familias, considered the oldest preserved pilgrimage song.

This reveals that Santiago de Compostela was not only a religious center but also an important cultural and musical hub, connected to major artistic movements across medieval Europe.

Through the diffusion of the Codex Calixtinus, the Camino de Santiago became a truly continental pilgrimage route, attracting travelers from all over Europe and strengthening the cosmopolitan character of medieval Compostela.

The modern rediscovery of the Codex Calixtinus

After centuries of continuous use until the 16th century, the manuscript eventually fell into obscurity.

It was rediscovered in the 19th century by Antonio López Ferreiro and later studied and promoted by Fidel Fita and Aureliano Fernández Guerra.

Since then, historians across Europe have studied the manuscript extensively, recognizing it as one of the four most valuable codices preserved by the Spanish Church.

The theft that shocked the Camino

Many people first heard about the Codex Calixtinus in 2011, when it was stolen from Santiago de Compostela Cathedral.

On July 7 of that year, its disappearance was confirmed, launching an investigation that felt like something out of a crime novel.

For months, authorities suspected the manuscript had been stolen for the international black market.

However, about a year later, the Codex was discovered in a garage in O Milladoiro, hidden inside a sack of animal feed and wrapped in newspapers.

The thief turned out to be José Manuel Fernández Castiñeiras, a former electrician at the cathedral who had been dismissed and held resentment toward the institution.

Investigators also discovered around one million euros in cash, believed to have been stolen from donation boxes inside the cathedral.

The story inspired books, documentaries, and even a TV series on RTVE Play.

Today, more than a decade later, the Codex Calixtinus remains in the cathedral archive—its original location—but under extremely strict security measures.

Visitors can see a facsimile copy in the cathedral’s chapter house, while the original manuscript remains protected as one of the most valuable documentary treasures of the Spanish Church.

For centuries, the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela has been a universal meeting point. A place where cultures, languages, personal stories, and spiritual motivations converge—first from across Europe and now from all five continents.

Every day beneath its vaulted ceilings, different accents can be heard and glances are exchanged among pilgrims who have walked hundreds of kilometers to reach the tomb of the Apostle Saint James in Compostela.

Now, this universal spirit is taking another step into the future. The Cathedral of Santiago has launched an innovative simultaneous translation service for the pilgrim mass in Santiago de Compostela using a mobile app powered by artificial intelligence.

This project blends tradition and technology so that no pilgrim misses part of this unique experience at the end of their Camino de Santiago because of language barriers or hearing limitations.

It is a tool designed to bring cultures and people together in one of the most emblematic spiritual spaces in the world.

The Cathedral of Santiago, always an international sanctuary

The Camino de Santiago is more international than ever. Data from the Pilgrim’s Office for 2025 clearly confirms this trend.

Although Spain remains the country with the highest number of pilgrims (43.44% of the total), more than half now come from abroad.

The main nationalities include:

United States (8.36%)
Italy (5.07%)
Germany (4.63%)
Portugal (4.34%)
United Kingdom (2.78%)
Mexico (2.30%)
Ireland (2.05%)
France (1.90%)
Australia (1.79%)
Canada (1.68%)
Brazil (1.60%)
Poland (1.58%)
South Korea (1.42%)
Argentina (1.30%)
Netherlands (1.28%)
Colombia (1.20%)
Taiwan (1.02%)

In total, more than half a million pilgrims received their Compostela certificate last year, coming from dozens of different countries with very diverse languages, cultures, and spiritual backgrounds.

The Pilgrim Mass, one of the most symbolic moments of the Camino de Santiago, brings together people every day who do not always understand the language in which the liturgy is celebrated.

For years, many pilgrims have participated devoutly without fully understanding the readings, the homily, or the prayers—enjoying mainly the multilingual greeting offered before the Mass.

This new app was created precisely to respond to that long-standing need.

At present, translations are available in German, English, French, Italian, and Portuguese. The technology is ready to expand gradually.

An app that preserves the solemnity of the Pilgrim Mass

The new simultaneous translation service works through a free mobile app, available on both the App Store and Google Play. Its design ensures that it does not interfere with the Pilgrim Mass or disrupt the atmosphere of reflection inside the cathedral.

Use is entirely individual. Each user only needs a smartphone and headphones. No additional installation or special devices are required.

The app offers two main modes:

Reading mode
Allows users to follow the Pilgrim Mass through real-time translated text displayed on their phone screen. Light and dark modes are available for visual comfort.

Audio mode
In this mode, the app translates the priest’s voice and transmits it through headphones using a natural-sounding voice, preserving the flow of speech and the spiritual experience.

In this way, pilgrims can fully participate in the celebration without breaking the silence or distracting other worshippers.

Artificial intelligence at the service of liturgy

Yes, artificial intelligence—now present in so many areas of daily life—has also reached the Pilgrim Mass of Santiago de Compostela.

At the heart of the system is a proprietary intelligent compression and synchronization algorithm. This is not a standard automatic translation tool, but one designed specifically for liturgical celebrations.

The algorithm analyzes natural pauses in speech, the priest’s rhythm, and the flow of the homily, automatically adjusting to reduce translation delay. As a result, the translated text or audio arrives almost simultaneously with the original voice.

This innovation greatly improves fluency and naturalness, overcoming one of the most common problems of simultaneous translation: excessive delay and loss of rhythm.

The app is also built to remain stable even when hundreds of users connect at the same time, something very common during peak pilgrimage seasons.

An inclusive and accessible tool

This project is not intended only for foreign pilgrims or those who speak languages other than Spanish. It also represents a significant step forward in accessibility.

People who are deaf or have hearing difficulties can follow the liturgy in written form on their phones, allowing them to participate fully without relying on others.

The Cathedral of Santiago thus responds to a daily reality: visitors with hearing impairments, international tourists, and pilgrims who—despite their devotion—do not understand the language used in the celebration. Until now, that language barrier limited their spiritual experience.

With this app, the Pilgrim Mass becomes a truly universal space.

Other uses of the app beyond the Pilgrim Mass

Although the application was designed primarily for liturgical celebrations, it can also be used for other events hosted by the Cathedral of Santiago:

Pastoral talks
Catechism sessions
Conferences
Institutional events
Cultural gatherings

This opens new possibilities for more open and participatory communication in a space that welcomes thousands of visitors every day.

The Cathedral of Santiago is reinventing itself without losing its identity. It remains a place of silence, prayer, and encounter—but now also a space where no one is excluded for linguistic or hearing reasons.

As the institution itself explains, the goal is “to help overcome language barriers and open doors to everyone who arrives, no matter where they come from, without losing the spiritual message or the sense of community.”

The Camino de Santiago adapts to the times

The Camino de Santiago has evolved over the centuries. From medieval pilgrims to those of the 21st century, the route has adapted to every era without losing its essence.

Today, pilgrims travel with mobile apps, digital reservations, and interactive maps—and now also with simultaneous translation for the Pilgrim Mass in Santiago de Compostela.

This project represents a modern, inclusive, and global Camino, where tradition and technology coexist naturally.

Buen Camino!

Facing the imposing Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, in the Plaza de la Inmaculada —known locally as Praza da Azabachería— rises one of Galicia’s most stunning monumental complexes: the Monastery of San Martín Pinario. With more than a thousand years of history, this monastery is today a true landmark for pilgrims completing the Camino de Santiago, and together with the Cathedral, it forms the most valuable Baroque ensemble in Galicia. Few people know that the Monastery of San Martín Pinario is the second largest in Spain, surpassed only by El Escorial, and that in its time it was also the most prosperous and powerful monastery in Galicia.

Origins linked to the Apostle James

The history of the monastery is closely tied to the origins of the Camino de Santiago. According to tradition, after the discovery of the remains of the Apostle James the Greater in the 9th century, a community of Benedictine monks settled in a place called Pignario or Piñeiro—a name referring to an area of pine trees—next to the old chapel of Santa María de la Corticela, very close to the Apostle’s tomb. Their initial role was to guard the tomb of Saint James, and that small monastic nucleus was the seed of the vast complex we know today. From its beginnings, San Martín Pinario became part of the spirit of the Camino de Santiago: pilgrims arriving at the Cathedral found in it a place of rest, worship, and hospitality.

History, growth, and transformation of the Monastery

The true development of the monastery began in 1494, when it came under the Congregation of Saint Benedict of Valladolid. This change marked a turning point: the monastery expanded its estates and priories, adopted a monumental scale, and became one of the most influential religious centers in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, it underwent a major architectural transformation. San Martín Pinario was practically rebuilt, combining Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical styles. For centuries, it also housed the second-largest apothecary in Spain, where monks cultivated a wide range of medicinal plants in their botanical garden. The community grew to include as many as a thousand Benedictine monks—an indication of its scale and prosperity. With the Ecclesiastical Confiscations of 1835, the community was expelled, and the building took on new roles: major seminary, high schools, state offices, and guesthouse, reflecting its evolution from monastic life to public service. Today, the Monastery of San Martín Pinario hosts university classrooms, a seminary, a religious art museum, and accommodations for pilgrims and visitors. Despite the changes, it remains a spiritual and cultural symbol of Santiago—and an essential stop at the end of the Camino.

Architecture and art: a visual journey through Galician Baroque

The Monastery of San Martín Pinario is a true architectural statement, where styles and eras coexist, reflecting the evolution of Galician art.

• The main façade, conceived as a grand Baroque altarpiece, was designed in 1671 by the monk-architect Fray Gabriel de Casas.
• The church, consecrated in 1652, was designed by architect Mateo López, later enhanced by Bartolomé Fernández Lechuga, who created the splendid dome over the crossing.
• To enter the church, you must head to the Plaza de San Martín, on the west side of the complex—one of the most impressive spaces in the city.

The high altarpiece stands out especially, designed by Fernando de Casas y Novoa—the architect behind the Cathedral’s Obradoiro façade—and executed by Miguel de Romay between 1730 and 1733. As in the Cathedral, the slope of the terrain required the construction of a monumental Baroque staircase, which still amazes visitors today.

• Inside, the church features a long nave covered by a barrel vault with false coffers, interconnected side chapels, and a Baroque walnut choir carved by Mateo de Prado between 1639 and 1647.
• Two cloisters complete the monumental complex: the Processional Cloister, begun in 1636 and finished in 1743, and the Offices Cloister—both outstanding examples of Baroque monastic architecture.

The facades of Compostela and the mark of the Pine Tree

If you stroll through Santiago de Compostela—especially around the San Pedro neighborhood—you might notice something curious: many facades bear a carved mark, often in the shape of a tree with the initials “SM.” These houses once belonged to the Monastery of San Martín Pinario, and the carved tree was a pine—symbol of Pignario, the monastery’s original name. Even today, these marks remain as evidence of the power and influence the monastery held over property and daily life in old Compostela.

The Monastery’s connection to the Camino de Santiago

Few buildings are as closely linked to the Camino de Santiago as San Martín Pinario. Thanks to its immediate proximity to the Cathedral, many pilgrims, after reaching the Apostle’s tomb, continued on to the monastery to pray, rest, or give thanks for completing their journey. The Benedictine order was known for its hospitality: it offered assistance and refuge to travelers, continuing the tradition of welcome and care that defines the spirit of the Camino. In a way, the artistic grandeur of the building symbolizes the inner journey of the Camino itself: a spiritual path culminating in a work that transcends the earthly realm.

What to see and how to visit the Monastery of San Martín Pinario

If you are walking the French Way, the Northern Way, the Primitive Way, or the English Way, you’ll pass right in front of the monastery just before reaching the Plaza del Obradoiro. When you arrive at the Plaza de la Inmaculada, take a moment to look to your right: before you rises one of the largest religious complexes in Spain, second only to El Escorial. Visiting hours (church + museum):

• Monday to Friday: 10:00–14:00 and 16:00–18:00
• Saturdays: 10:00–14:00

You can also visit with the combined ticket of the Cathedral of Santiago.

An essential stop at the end of the Camino de Santiago

The Monastery of San Martín Pinario is more than a monumental building: it is a living piece of Jacobean heritage, witness to centuries of history, faith, and art. Upon reaching Santiago, after so many miles of effort and reflection, pausing for a few minutes before this monastery is a way to end the Camino with both grandeur and serenity. Its beauty, its history, and its deep connection to pilgrimage make it a unique place where the monastic past meets the pilgrim’s present. Buen Camino!    

More and more people consider it essential to walk at least one of the many routes of the Camino de Santiago at least once in their lives. It’s no coincidence that in October 2025 we reached, for the first time in our history, our five hundred thousandth pilgrim in a single year. Half a million pilgrims in ten months is no small thing. But there is another, lesser-known place that—according to legend—you will end up visiting after death if you never made it there while alive. Pilgrimage to San Andrés de Teixido is, therefore, almost an obligation, which is why it’s considered the second most important pilgrimage site for Galicians. And, of course, this tradition is also tied to the history of the Camino de Santiago.

San Andrés de Teixido, where all souls must go

Between Cape Ortegal and the cliffs that rise over the Atlantic lies San Andrés de Teixido—also known as Santo André de Teixido or Santo André de Lonxe—one of those places where Galicia reveals its most mystical side. At first glance, it looks like a tiny village suspended between mist and sea. But those who visit know that this remote corner is much more than a scenic viewpoint. We Galicians say: “A San Andrés de Teixido vai de morto quen non foi de vivo” (“To San Andrés goes in death whoever didn’t go in life”). And with that phrase begins one of Galicia’s oldest and most fascinating traditions, so full of spirituality and symbolism that many see it as a natural extension of the Camino de Santiago.

A Sanctuary between sky and sea

San Andrés de Teixido is part of the municipality of Cedeira in the province of A Coruña, perched on one of the most spectacular stretches of the Galician coastline, 140 meters above sea level. In front of it rise the cliffs of the Serra da Capelada—the highest in continental Europe—where wild horses graze among gorse and heather, and the ocean roars with ancient force. The current sanctuary, built between the 16th and 18th centuries, is a blend of maritime Gothic and Baroque elements, though its origins date back to the 12th century. The temple is dedicated to Saint Andrew, one of the apostles—also a fisherman, like Saint James the Greater—and brother of Peter.

The Legend of the forgotten Apostle

As with many Galician sanctuaries, the story of San Andrés de Teixido cannot be understood without its legends. The most famous tells that Saint Andrew himself, jealous to see pilgrims flocking to Santiago de Compostela instead of to his lonely temple hidden in the mountains, complained to God about being forgotten. The Lord, moved by compassion, promised him that no soul would fail to visit him: “To San Andrés de Teixido will go in death whoever did not go in life.” Since then, it’s said that souls who didn’t make the pilgrimage while alive return reincarnated as insects, lizards, or other small creatures to fulfill their promise. For that reason, those who walk the paths leading to San Andrés do so carefully, avoiding stepping on any small creature that crosses their way—lest they prevent a soul from completing its unfinished pilgrimage.

Pilgrimage and ancient Rituals: fertility, love, and other wishes

For centuries, thousands of Galicians have made the pilgrimage to San Andrés, and many traditions must be followed there—beyond avoiding the fate of having to return after death.

The Stone

Tradition says you must bring a stone from your place of origin and leave it upon arrival in one of the milladoiros (piles of stones marking the passage of pilgrims). That stone serves as proof that you completed the pilgrimage while alive—and spares you from having to return later as a tiny creature.

The Ex-votos

Another deeply rooted custom involves leaving ex-votos—offerings given in thanks for favors received or promises fulfilled. Inside the sanctuary and its small annexes, you can see wax figures shaped like body parts—usually linked to healing—as well as candles in the shape of farm animals placed there for protection.

The Sanandresiños

Visitors also traditionally take home the famous sanandresiños, the unique good-luck charms of San Andrés de Teixido, handcrafted by local villagers. These small figures—made by hand from unfermented bread dough, baked, and dyed with natural pigments—are considered powerful talismans. Each sanandresiño has its own meaning:

• The flower, inspired by the herba de namorar, attracts true love
• The ladder symbolizes effort and achievement, bringing success at work
• The boat protects travelers and those beginning new journeys
• The hand supports study and learning
• The saint (Saint Andrew himself) watches over health and harmony
• The crown offers protection from adversity
• The fish ensures food and prosperity
• The dove brings peace, purity, and spiritual balance

Beyond their symbolism, sanandresiños are charming pieces of folk art that no visitor can resist taking home.

The Three-Spout Fountain

The water from the “three-spout fountain,” next to the sanctuary, is said to be prophetic. They say that if you toss in a bit of bread and it floats, your wish will come true within a year. If it sinks, you’ll have to come back.

The Herba de Namorar

One of the most curious rituals is the search for a herba de namorar, a small plant that grows among the nearby rocks and cliffs, especially in the mountains of A Capelada. Its botanical name is Armeria maritima, but in Galicia it is treasured for its symbolic power: whoever finds and carries the flower will attract true love or strengthen the love they already have. Long ago, local young women would collect it during the pilgrimage and keep it close to their heart or under their pillow, convinced that its scent inspired sincere feelings. Today it remains one of the most sought-after natural treasures for visitors—a flower that, like the sanctuary itself, blends magic, faith, and nature.

San Andrés and the Camino de Santiago

The link between San Andrés de Teixido and the Camino de Santiago is not only symbolic. Many pilgrims walking the English Way—especially those arriving from the ports of Ferrol or A Coruña—extended their journey after reaching Compostela to head north toward the sanctuary of the “forgotten apostle.” In this way, San Andrés de Teixido became a kind of complementary Camino, a spiritual echo of the Jacobean Route. Reaching Santiago fulfilled one promise, but reaching San Andrés completed a deeper circle: that of land and sea, of the soul walking toward eternity. In both paths, the true meaning is the same: the search for something beyond the physical destination, the union of faith, nature, and mystery.

Celtic echoes and the christianization of myth

Before the current church was built, the mountains of A Capelada were already considered sacred by the Celtic peoples who lived in Galicia. From their peaks, the druids watched the sun set into the Atlantic—a symbol of the journey to the other world. The Christianized version of the myth preserved that symbolism. Saint Andrew, patron of fishermen and protector of wandering souls, took on the role of spiritual guide between life and death, replacing the ancient Atlantic deities. This is why San Andrés de Teixido has a unique energy—a blend of Christian devotion and ancestral magic that continues to attract travelers from around the world, even those who don’t consider themselves religious.

What to see in San Andrés de Teixido

Beyond its legendary aura, the place is naturally breathtaking. The small village, with its stone houses and slate roofs, clings to cliffs that drop dramatically into the sea. From the viewpoint of A Garita da Herbeira—one of the highest points of the Serra da Capelada—the ocean views are unforgettable. And the surrounding rural trails invite you to wander through the mist, guided by the sound of wind and waves. The sanctuary, declared a Site of Cultural Interest, preserves a gilded Baroque altarpiece depicting Saint Andrew with his distinctive X-shaped cross, symbol of his martyrdom.

San Andrés de Teixido with Rutas Meigas Tours

If you’d like to discover this unique place, you can do so through two of our most spectacular experiences: Northern Route · Rías Altas — A journey through the wildest and most Atlantic Galicia, crossing cliffs, endless beaches, and charming villages until reaching San Andrés de Teixido, where history and legend intertwine. Cliffs Route — An adventure that takes you through the most dramatic coastal landscapes in northern Galicia, stopping at natural viewpoints, lighthouses, and spiritually charged sites such as San Andrés. In both routes, the Teixido sanctuary is one of the most moving stops—a place that stays with you, that you feel, and that leaves a mark on everyone who visits. Because in Galicia, where the sacred and the magical have coexisted for centuries, the paths never truly end. And if the soul of one who didn’t go in life must return in death, perhaps it’s because some places are worth visiting at least once in eternity.    

The Camino de Santiago is a unique experience for every pilgrim. Some look for silence and reflection, others test themselves with long daily stages, some travel in groups while others prefer to walk alone. Over time, new ways of experiencing the Camino have emerged, adapted to different needs and travel styles. Among them, one option stands out for those who want to walk with extra comfort, safety, and personalized attention: the Camino de Santiago with Support. You may be wondering if this format is right for you. Let’s take a closer look at what it involves, the benefits it offers, and the type of pilgrims for whom the Camino with Support can be the ideal choice.

Camino de Santiago with Support: more than just organization

When we talk about the Camino de Santiago with Support, we mean a service that goes far beyond arranging accommodation, luggage transfers, or booking stages. It is an experience designed so you can focus entirely on walking, enjoying nature, and embracing the magic of the Camino—while a professional team takes care of everything else. With this service, you’ll have a support vehicle and driver-guide with you throughout the journey. The vehicle follows the route, waits at strategic checkpoints, and is always available if something unexpected happens. This isn’t just about safety—it’s about peace of mind, knowing you’re never alone on the Camino. Before you even start walking, the team helps you plan your stages. You decide whether to do them in full or break them down into shorter sections, depending on your fitness level, time, and the kind of experience you want. Flexibility and personalization are at the heart of this Camino.

Walking without worries: safety and comfort along the Way

One of the biggest advantages of the Camino de Santiago with Support is the sense of security it provides. While the Camino is generally safe and welcoming, small setbacks can happen: a minor injury, unexpected fatigue, or a sudden change in the weather. Knowing that your driver-guide is just a call away or waiting a few kilometers ahead is a huge relief. The service also brings comfort and convenience. Forget about carrying your luggage—your belongings travel with you in the support vehicle, ready and waiting at the end of each stage. And since you have transportation available, you can also stay in charming rural guesthouses or boutique hotels that aren’t directly on the Camino. These accommodations add authenticity and comfort to your experience, with peaceful rural settings, traditional architecture, and warm hospitality. The result is a Camino that feels both like a pilgrimage and a cultural journey.

A complete experience: food, culture, and discovery

The Camino de Santiago with Support isn’t limited to the walking itself. It also enriches your journey with gastronomic and cultural highlights. On the food side, it opens the door to selected restaurants off the trail, where local cuisine is the star. For something even more special, you can enjoy a personalized picnic with local products in unique spots: a meadow overlooking the valley, the shade of an oak grove, or a coastal viewpoint. Culturally, the support vehicle allows you to explore beyond the standard Camino route. You can visit monasteries, charming villages, or local markets that you would otherwise miss. These detours add depth to your Camino, turning it into a blend of pilgrimage, cultural discovery, and authentic encounters.

Who is the Camino de Santiago with Support for?

So, is the Camino with Support right for you? This format is perfect for:

• Pilgrims who want maximum comfort without missing the essence of the Camino de Santiago. You get the best of both worlds.
• People with physical limitations or special needs. With constant support, you can adapt the journey to your own pace without giving up the Camino.
• Travelers who want to combine pilgrimage with other experiences. Thanks to the support vehicle, it’s easy to add cultural visits or culinary adventures.
• Pilgrims looking for exclusivity. If you value personalized attention, unique accommodations, and premium services, the Camino with Support is made for you.

The value of an exclusive service

It’s true: the Camino de Santiago with Support has a higher cost compared to a standard organized Camino. But what you receive in return is peace of mind, flexibility, and a level of comfort that’s hard to match. At Rutas Meigas, specialists in the Camino de Santiago, we’ve designed this service for those who want a stress-free experience, with constant assistance and the freedom to personalize every detail of their journey. Because in the end, every pilgrim walks their own Camino. And if yours means walking light, free of worries, and focusing on the essence of the experience—then the Camino de Santiago with Support may be the perfect choice.

The Camino with Support: a different way to live the Camino

Beyond logistics, the Camino de Santiago with Support is also about living the spirit of the Camino in a more relaxed way, with the bonus of premium services. It’s not less authentic—it’s simply a different Camino, created for those who want safety, flexibility, and care in every detail. So, if you imagine your pilgrimage as walking without worries, enjoying constant support, combining stages with unique stays, fine gastronomy, and cultural encounters, the answer is clear: Yes, the Camino de Santiago with Support is for you. At Rutas Meigas, we’re here to help you plan it. You set the pace—we’ll take care of the rest. Because the Camino belongs to everyone, but each pilgrim deserves to live it their own way. Buen Camino!

If there’s one dish that sums up the essence of Galician cuisine, it is without a doubt the empanada gallega. Its freshly baked aroma, golden crust, and juicy filling are part of the collective memory of Galicia. It’s hard to imagine a local festival, a village feast, a family gathering, or even a stop along the Camino de Santiago without an empanada on the table. But the Galician empanada is more than just food. It is history, tradition, a symbol of identity, and a practical meal that has accompanied farmers, fishermen, and pilgrims for centuries. Today, let’s explore the history and secrets of this delicacy that holds a privileged place in the gastronomy of Galicia.

What is a Galician empanada?

Technically, it’s a large savory pie made with thin, crisp bread dough wrapped around a generous filling. And the “generous” part is key when talking about a true Galician empanada. The dough, traditionally prepared with wheat flour, olive oil, water, and yeast, is carefully stretched until thin enough to turn golden in the oven, but strong enough to hold in the juices of the filling. In some regions, corn flour is used, creating the famous empanadas de millo, typical of the Rías Baixas, often filled with sardines or shellfish like zamburiñas. The filling is another star. The options are almost endless: tuna, sardines, cuttlefish in their ink, cod with raisins, chicken, zorza (marinated pork), Galician beef, octopus, mussels, cockles… even empanadas made with leftover stew, a brilliant example of Galician resourcefulness. What never changes is the sauté of onions and peppers that adds flavor and juiciness. Unlike Argentine empanadas, usually small and individual (what in Galicia would be called empanadillas), the empanada gallega is large, made to be sliced and shared. That sharing spirit reflects the very essence of Galicia: hospitality and generosity.

A dish with centuries of history

The exact origins of the Galician empanada are uncertain, but its presence in Galicia is documented as far back as the Middle Ages. Fishermen, travelers, and pilgrims used it as a practical way to carry food. The dough kept the filling safe from road dust and sea air, preserving it for days. Its importance is even carved in stone. In the 12th-century Pórtico da Gloria of Santiago’s Cathedral, the work of Master Mateo, one sculpture shows a sinner punished as he tries to eat an empanada while a rope tightens around his neck—a warning against gluttony. The carving confirms the empanada’s deep roots in Galician life and its connection to the Camino de Santiago. In the nearby Pazo de Xelmírez, sculptures of banquets also place the empanada at center stage. The celebrated Galician writer Álvaro Cunqueiro even imagined one of these stone empanadas filled with lamprey.

Empanada in Galician culture and daily life

The empanada gallega is more than a dish—it is culture and community. Traditionally, villages baked large empanadas for patron saint festivals, weddings, and pilgrimages. It was a celebratory food, meant to bring people together. That tradition lives on. Today, you’ll find empanadas baked in family ovens, artisanal bakeries, and restaurants all over Galicia. It has become one of the most iconic symbols of Galician gastronomy. It even has its own calendar dates: April’s National Empanada Day and dedicated festivals such as the Festa da Empanada de Bandeira in Silleda, where the best empanadas in Galicia are awarded and auctioned off amid music and celebration.

Fresh ingredients: the secret to the perfect Galician empanada

What makes the empanada gallega unique is its reliance on fresh, local ingredients, a hallmark of Galician cuisine:

• From the sea: sardines, octopus, cod, zamburiñas, mussels, cockles.
• From the land: zorza, chicken, Galician beef, rabbit.
• From the garden: peppers, onions, tomatoes, garlic, forming the indispensable sauté.
• From the mill: wheat or corn flour, each giving its own character to the dough.

Each region of Galicia puts its own stamp on the empanada. A conger eel empanada from A Mariña is very different from a cuttlefish empanada in Redondela or a lamprey empanada in Arbo. This diversity makes the empanada a delicious culinary map of Galicia.

Empanada and the Camino de Santiago: an inseparable bond

The Galician empanada and the Camino de Santiago have been intertwined for centuries. For medieval pilgrims, it was the ideal food: nutritious, portable, and long-lasting. Legends even say that in the 12th century, pilgrims knew they were nearing Santiago de Compostela when they caught the scent of empanadas baking in nearby villages. Even today, many pilgrims find the empanada to be one of the best rewards along the Camino de Santiago. Whether it’s a tuna empanada in a small village bar or a pulpo empanada in a Compostela tavern, tasting one is part of the cultural journey—just as essential as visiting the Cathedral or receiving the Compostela certificate.

How to best enjoy a Galician empanada

The empanada is endlessly versatile: it can be the star of a family meal, a starter at a party, a snack during a walk, or a tapa in a local bar. Tips to savor it fully:

• Eat it warm: freshly baked keeps its crunch, but room temperature is also delicious. It even tastes great the next day.
• Pair it with Galician wines: Albariño or Ribeiro enhance the flavors of the sea.
• Try local specialties: each region offers a different empanada to discover.
• Share it: the empanada is meant to be cut and passed around—it’s social food.

The empanada, a symbol of Galicia

Few dishes can claim such a place in both medieval art and modern festivals, in the daily lives of peasants and nobles, and in the hearts of pilgrims past and present. The empanada gallega is all that: history, tradition, gastronomy, and culture baked into one recipe. Proof that Galician cuisine can unite simplicity and excellence, humility and greatness. And if you decide to walk the Camino de Santiago, make sure to taste it more than once—because no two empanadas are ever the same. It will surely be one of the most delicious memories you take home from Galicia.